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Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Identification of Antibacterial Immunity Proteins in Escherichia coli using MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS/MS and Top-Down Proteomic Analysis
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Protamine Characterization by Top-Down Proteomics: Boosting Proteoform Identification with DBSCAN.

Gianluca Arauz-Garofalo1, Meritxell Jodar2,3, Mar Vilanova1

  • 1Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

Proteomes
|May 5, 2021
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Top-down proteomics reveals diverse protamine proteoforms in sperm, crucial for male fertility. This advanced technique offers new insights into male infertility by analyzing protamine post-translational modifications (PTMs) and variations.

Area of Science:

  • Proteomics
  • Male Reproductive Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Protamines are key nuclear proteins in sperm, essential for paternal genome compaction.
  • Alterations in protamine PTMs or P1/P2 ratio are linked to male infertility.
  • Top-down proteomics allows detailed analysis of intact proteoforms, including PTMs and genetic variants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze protamine proteoforms in normozoospermic individuals using top-down proteomics.
  • To address challenges in data analysis for top-down proteomics of protamines.
  • To establish a foundation for studying protamine alterations in male infertility.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized top-down proteomics on two normozoospermic semen samples.
  • Developed a data analysis strategy combining ProSight PD (PS) and TopPIC suite (TP) with a clustering algorithm.
Keywords:
BioinformaticsDBSCANLC-MS/MSmale infertilitypost-translational modificationsprotamineproteoformspermtop-down proteomics

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  • Characterized identified protamine proteoforms.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified up to 32 distinct protamine proteoforms.
    • Successfully deciphered the protamine proteoform landscape in normozoospermic individuals.
    • Proposed solutions for data analysis bottlenecks in top-down proteomics.

    Conclusions:

    • Top-down proteomics provides an in-depth view of protamine proteoforms.
    • This approach is crucial for understanding protamine's role in male fertility.
    • Paves the way for personalized diagnosis of male infertility.