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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Post-Transcriptional Regulation through Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs).

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • The discovery of numerous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has expanded our understanding of eukaryotic gene regulation.
  • ncRNAs are transcribed pervasively throughout the genome, indicating widespread biological roles.

Discussion:

  • ncRNAs function as critical regulatory molecules, moving beyond their traditional role as mere intermediaries of genetic information.
  • This paradigm shift necessitates a re-evaluation of the central dogma of molecular biology.

Key Insights:

  • Eukaryotic genomes produce a vast repertoire of ncRNAs with regulatory functions.
  • RNA molecules are central players in cellular regulation, not just passive carriers of genetic code.

Outlook:

  • Future research will focus on elucidating the specific functions and mechanisms of diverse ncRNAs.
  • Understanding ncRNA networks is crucial for deciphering complex biological processes and disease pathologies.