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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:07

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Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling.  This phenomenon, called the Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring...
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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy
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Dynamics & Spectroscopy with Neutrons-Recent Developments & Emerging Opportunities.

Kacper Drużbicki1,2, Mattia Gaboardi3, Felix Fernandez-Alonso1,4,5,6

  • 1Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.

Polymers
|May 5, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neutron spectroscopy and computational tools reveal complex material properties. Advances in high-resolution techniques enable new discoveries in soft matter, polymers, and water, driving sustainable technology development.

Keywords:
computational materials modelingiceneutron spectroscopynuclear quantum effectsplastic crystalspolymerssoft mattersupramolecular frameworkssustainable materialswater

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Complex and disordered materials, particularly soft and polymeric ones, present significant challenges in understanding their structural and dynamical behavior.
  • Traditional methods are often insufficient to probe the intricate properties of these materials at relevant energy scales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of recent advancements in neutron spectroscopic techniques and computational tools.
  • To highlight their application in investigating complex and disordered materials, with a focus on soft and polymeric systems.
  • To connect these developments to the discovery of new materials for sustainable technologies.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution, broadband neutron spectroscopy covering energy transfers from meV to eV.
  • Advanced computational modeling and simulation tools.
  • Application of these techniques to study soft solids, supramolecular frameworks, and water.

Main Results:

  • Identification and assignment of low-energy modes crucial for soft solid and supramolecular framework functionality.
  • Quantification of nuclear quantum effects influencing thermodynamic properties.
  • New insights into the phase diagram and behavior of water.

Conclusions:

  • Recent developments in neutron spectroscopy and computation offer unprecedented opportunities to study complex materials.
  • These advancements are crucial for addressing fundamental scientific questions and discovering novel materials for sustainable applications.
  • The study of water and its phases continues to yield surprising discoveries with broad implications.