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Population Identifiability from Forensic Genetic Markers: Ancestry Variation in Latin America.

Cris E Hughes1,2, Bridget F B Algee-Hewitt3, Lyle W Konigsberg4

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Summary

The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) loci can track general ancestry trends in admixed populations like Latinos. However, CODIS markers are too broad for precise individual ancestry inference, limiting their use beyond population-level studies.

Keywords:
ACCURACYADMIXTUREANCESTRYCODIS LOCILATIN AMERICA

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Genetics
  • Anthropological Genetics
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) loci are standard for forensic DNA identity testing.
  • CODIS markers are increasingly used in anthropological genetics to study ancestry, admixture, and population history, particularly in Latin America.
  • Concerns exist regarding the accuracy of CODIS loci for inferring ancestry in highly admixed populations due to panel size and heterozygosity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To formally assess the accuracy of CODIS and CODIS-proxy marker panels for estimating admixture proportions in individuals.
  • To compare ancestry estimates derived from a small CODIS/CODIS-proxy panel versus a robust, validated ancestry-informative panel.
  • To evaluate the utility of CODIS loci for individual-level versus population-level ancestry inference in Latino populations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CODIS and CODIS-proxy marker panels alongside a comprehensive microsatellite panel.
  • Analyzed a sample of individuals with diverse ancestry proportions, including Latinos.
  • Compared ancestry estimates derived from different marker panels using the same individuals for direct comparison.

Main Results:

  • CODIS/CODIS-proxy loci demonstrated significant correlation (ρ = 0.80-0.88) with estimates from a robust panel, supporting their use for general ancestry trends.
  • Ancestry estimates from CODIS align with known historical population movements and admixture events in Latin America.
  • CODIS loci provide broad 95% confidence intervals for individual ancestry estimates, rendering them unsuitable for nuanced individual-level inferences.

Conclusions:

  • CODIS/CODIS-proxy loci are effective for capturing broad population-level ancestry trends in admixed groups like Latinos.
  • While useful for understanding historical population dynamics, CODIS markers lack the precision for detailed individual ancestry composition analysis.
  • The findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate marker panels based on the specific goals of ancestry inference, whether population-level or individual-level.