Clean meat: techniques for meat production and its upcoming challenges

Meat is traditionally obtained by sacrificing the animals. It is considered as one of the richest sources of proteins. There is an increasing demand for meat worldwide. It may not be possible to fulfill this demand for meat in future. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find out the alternative resources for proteins requirement shortly. Clean meat production is one of the best methods to be adopted as an alternative to traditional meat. The word 'clean' signifies that we can procure meat from animals without its monstrous slaughtering. Hence, it is prepared by isolating a single cell and culturing them in controlled growth conditions and medium that mimic the in vivo condition. It is not a brand new technology, but the tools for developing clean meat that mimics real meat have been technologically advanced recently. Many companies have marketed clean meat products worldwide from last five years. And it has been observed that there are mixed responses for its acceptance by consumers. The main driving forces for clean meat production derives from the concerns over environment, animal welfare, public and consumer health aspects of animal production, use of antibiotics in the animal industries, and food security. Since it's an upcoming meat production technology, there are many hurdles and challenges like nutritional attributes, flavor, shape, and structure compared to real meat. It requires many skills and understanding of muscle stem cells' regeneration and their growth under optimized scale-up production conditions. In this paper the complete details about clean meat, types of cells, and techniques used for its production has been discussed on a lab scale.