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Multi-functional cerium oxide nanoparticles regulate inflammation and enhance osteogenesis.

Fei Wei1, Craig J Neal2, Tamil Selvan Sakthivel2

  • 1Biionix Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.

Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications
|May 5, 2021
PubMed
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Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) reduce inflammation and promote bone growth. A therapeutic dose of 1 μg/mL offers protection against acute and chronic inflammation while enhancing osteogenesis.

Keywords:
Cerium oxide nanoparticlesInflammationOsteogenesisOsteoimmunomodulation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanomedicine
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Oxidative stress exacerbates bone loss and impairs bone repair by influencing inflammation.
  • Chronic low-grade inflammation is a key factor in bone degradation and limited healing.
  • Understanding the role of nanoparticles in modulating inflammatory responses and bone cell behavior is crucial for therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) on macrophage phenotype and cytokine expression under normal and inflammatory conditions.
  • To evaluate the effect of CeONPs on human mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) proliferation, osteoinduction, and osteogenic differentiation.
  • To determine the therapeutic potential of CeONPs in bone regeneration and inflammatory modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of spherical CeONPs (60% Ce3+, ~35 nm size, +25.4 mV charge) and assessment of cellular internalization.
  • Measurement of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in macrophages under acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.
  • Analysis of cytokine gene expression, hBMSC proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bone mineral deposition.

Main Results:

  • CeONPs significantly reduced iNOS activity in macrophages under both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.
  • A dose-dependent increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression was observed in CeONP-treated cells under chronic inflammation.
  • CeONPs significantly enhanced osteogenic gene expression, ALP activity, and bone mineral deposition in hBMSCs when combined with osteogenic media, with low toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • CeONPs exhibit multifaceted activity with low toxicity, demonstrating a protective effect against both acute and chronic inflammation.
  • A therapeutic dose of 1 μg/mL CeONPs can modulate inflammatory responses and simultaneously promote osteogenesis.
  • CeONPs hold promise as a therapeutic agent for bone regeneration, addressing both inflammatory and bone-building aspects.