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Viral Recombination

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...

Exon Recombination

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...

Viral Mutations

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...

Homologous Recombination

Homologous Recombination

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection

Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection

Published on: May 24, 2020

Recombination patterns in coronaviruses.

Nicola F Müller¹, Kathryn E Kistler^1,2, Trevor Bedford^1,2,3

¹Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|May 5, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recombination is common in coronaviruses, challenging traditional phylogenetic analysis. This study introduces a new method to track evolving viral networks, crucial for understanding pathogen spread and future pandemic preparedness.

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Area of Science:

Virology
Evolutionary Biology
Computational Biology
Genetics

Background:

Phylogenetic and phylodynamic methods are vital for tracking pathogen spread and evolution, as demonstrated during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
These methods typically assume a simple branching tree structure for pathogen evolutionary history.
Recombination, common in viruses like coronaviruses, violates this assumption, complicating evolutionary analysis.

Conclusions:

The developed MCMC method effectively reconstructs viral recombination networks from sequence data.
Recombination plays a significant role in coronavirus evolution, influencing adaptation and fitness.
This work provides a foundation for future phylogenetic tracking of rapidly evolving and recombinant viruses like SARS-CoV-2.