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Published on: September 8, 2023
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Previously infected vaccinees broadly neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants
Hans C Leier1, Timothy A Bates1, Zoe L Lyski1
1Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States.
Summary
The BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine significantly boosts neutralizing antibody titers in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. This enhanced immune response provides broad protection against various SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Assessing vaccine effectiveness against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial.
- Understanding the impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on vaccine response is important.
Approach:
- Compared serum neutralizing antibody titers pre- and post-vaccination with BNT162b2.
- Included previously infected (n=10) and uninfected (n=20) individuals.
- Tested against SARS-CoV-2 original strain and B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1 variants.
Key Points:
- Vaccination boosted pre-existing antibodies 10-fold in previously infected individuals.
- Previously infected vaccinees showed higher neutralizing titers against all tested variants compared to uninfected vaccinees.
- Specific fold increases in neutralizing titers were observed against B.1.1.7 (5.2x), B.1.351 (6.5x), P.1 (4.3x), and original SARS-CoV-2 (3.4x).
Conclusions:
- First-generation COVID-19 vaccines offer broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants in individuals with prior infection.
- Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection enhances the neutralizing antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination.
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