Immunomodulatory effects of bee pollen on doxorubicin-induced bone marrow/spleen immunosuppression in rat

This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of Bee Pollen (BP) on Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced bone marrow/spleen suppression in rats. 48 Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 8/group); control, DOX (5 mg/kg), BP (100 mg/kg), BP (200 mg/kg), BP (100 mg/kg) +DOX, and BP (200 mg/kg) +DOX groups. BP was administered orally for 42 days and 5 mg/kg of DOX was injected intravenously at days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. Hematological parameters, antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory cytokines were measured. Apoptosis-related genes were investigated using Real-Time PCR and western blot. DOX significantly decreased blood cells count, cytokines, and antioxidant enzyme. It also increased the expression of apoptotic genes in spleen and BM. The BP significantly improved hematopoietic function, antioxidant parameters, and serum levels of hematopoietic simulating-cytokines. Also, BP significantly reduced the expression of apoptotic genes. These results confirm the immunomodulatory activity of BP in DOX-induced biochemical, molecular and histological immunosuppression. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Chemotherapy drugs are being developed every day but are limited due to their side effects. The most important side effect of chemotherapy drugs is the suppression of hematopoiesis through its direct effect on bone marrow and hematopoietic cells. Today, many studies are done on natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic compounds to reduce the effects of chemotherapy drugs. Compounds that, along with chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of various tumors, maintain the hematopoietic pathway, synergize the antitumor effects of chemotherapy drugs, and also protect other organs of the body from free radical damage produced by chemotherapy drugs. One of these natural compounds is bee pollen, which has all the properties mentioned in chemotherapy supplements and can be used in the pharmaceutical industry.