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Updated: Nov 6, 2025

An Experimental Protocol for Femtosecond NIR/UV - XUV Pump-Probe Experiments with Free-Electron Lasers
Published on: October 23, 2018
Nanosecond timing and synchronization scheme for holographic pump-probe studies at the MID instrument at European
Markus Osterhoff1, Malte Vassholz1, Hannes Paul Hoeppe1
1Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Abstract:
Single-pulse holographic imaging at XFEL sources with 1012 photons delivered in pulses shorter than 100 fs reveal new quantitative insights into fast phenomena. Here, a timing and synchronization scheme for stroboscopic imaging and quantitative analysis of fast phenomena on time scales (sub-ns) and length-scales (≲100 nm) inaccessible by visible light is reported. A fully electronic delay-and-trigger system has been implemented at the MID station at the European XFEL, and applied to the study of emerging laser-driven cavitation bubbles in water. Synchronization and timing precision have been characterized to be better than 1 ns.
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