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[New allergens for occupational dermatology?]

Vera Mahler1,2

  • 1Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225, Langen, Deutschland. vera.mahler@pei.de.

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, Und Verwandte Gebiete
|May 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Occupational allergen exposures are changing. Identifying new occupational allergens requires a detailed workplace history and patient material testing, crucial for diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis.

Keywords:
Allergic contact dermatitisContact urticariaOccupational allergyProtein contact dermatitisWorkplace environment

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Workplace environments are dynamic, leading to evolving exposures to occupational allergens.
  • The significance of type I and type IV allergens in occupational settings is subject to change.
  • Understanding these shifts is critical for preventing and managing occupational allergies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline current trends in occupational allergens.
  • To identify novel occupational allergens and exposure routes.
  • To review diagnostic procedures and regulatory aspects of occupational allergens.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of published trends from clinical cohorts in occupational dermatology.
  • Systematic literature search (PubMed, 2016-2021) for new occupational allergens.
  • Analysis of 25 relevant papers identified through searches like "new occupational allerg*".

Main Results:

  • Occupations with high incidence of allergic contact urticaria/protein contact dermatitis include bakers, farmers, vets, cooks, and hairdressers.
  • Highest risk for occupational contact dermatitis observed in healthcare, agriculture, food, and construction sectors.
  • Identified new protein-based immediate-type allergens and contact allergens (haptens).

Conclusions:

  • Current trends in known and new occupational allergens (2016-2021) have been identified.
  • New occupational allergens in dermatology are best identified through individual workplace history.
  • Testing patients' own materials is essential for diagnosing new occupational allergens.