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Clinical and Biological Implications of TP53 Abnormalities in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: The DEDALO Study.

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MRD Assessment in Multiple Myeloma: Progress and Challenges.

Luca Bertamini1, Mattia D'Agostino1, Francesca Gay2

  • 1Myeloma Unit, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Genova 3, 10126, Torino, Italy.

Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports
|May 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment is crucial for multiple myeloma (MM) patients achieving complete response. Detecting MRD improves survival predictions and guides future treatment decisions.

Keywords:
Mass spectrometry (MS)Multiple myeloma; minimal residual disease (MRD)Next-generation flow (NGF)Next-generation sequencing (NGS)Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Effective multiple myeloma (MM) treatments have improved response rates and survival.
  • Minimal residual disease (MRD) detection is vital for predicting relapse in MM patients.
  • Assessing MRD is becoming standard practice in MM clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment for multiple myeloma (MM).
  • To highlight the prognostic significance of MRD negativity in MM patients.
  • To discuss the evolving role of MRD in therapeutic decision-making for MM.

Main Methods:

  • Review of high-sensitivity techniques for MRD detection in bone marrow (flow cytometry, molecular biology).
  • Evaluation of methods for detecting extramedullary disease (imaging, peripheral blood markers).
  • Discussion of established and emerging MRD detection technologies (NGS, NGF, PET/CT, MS, CTCs).

Main Results:

  • MRD negativity is strongly associated with improved survival in MM patients.
  • Intensive treatments can achieve up to 70% MRD negativity rates.
  • Several sensitive techniques exist for MRD assessment, with ongoing research into new methods.

Conclusions:

  • MRD assessment is a critical prognostic factor in multiple myeloma.
  • The integration of MRD assessment into routine clinical practice is ongoing.
  • Optimizing the use of MRD in treatment decisions remains a key challenge for MM management.