Cow bonechar decreases indaziflam pre-emergence herbicidal activity in tropical soil

The addition of carbonaceous material such as cow bonechar to the soil can affect the availability of applied pre-emergent herbicides such as indaziflam. However, how cow bonechar affects the bioavailability of indaziflam is not yet known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cow bonechar on herbicidal activity of indaziflam on weeds in a tropical soil. Cow bonechar was added homogeneously to top soil, at 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 t ha^-1, in addition to treatment with unamended soil. At 21 days after indaziflam (75 g ha^-1) application, injury weed levels, weed species that emerged spontaneously were identified and the weeds present in each sampling unit were collected. Only 1.4 t ha^-1 cow bonechar added to soil was enough to reduce the weed injury level by 50%. From the addition of 2 t ha^-1 cow bonechar the application of indaziflam was not efficient to weed control, being equivalent to treatments without herbicide application. Eight weed species (3 monocots and 5 dicots) were identified in all treatments. Eleusine indica and Digitaria horizontalis accounted for about 99.7% of the entire infestation of the weed community. Cow bonechar decreases indaziflam pre-emergence herbicidal activity in tropical soil for weed control, most likely due to the high sorption and unavailability of the product in the soil solution.