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Androgen receptor polymorphism, mental rotation, and spatial visualization in men.

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  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C2 Canada.

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Testosterone influences spatial cognition in men, with the androgen receptor (AR) CAG repeat length affecting visualization skills. Testosterone levels, not AR length, predicted mental rotation performance, suggesting alternative mechanisms for some cognitive effects.

Keywords:
ARAndrogen receptorCAG repeatMental rotationSpatial visualizationTestosterone

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Human Genetics

Background:

  • Circulating testosterone (T) is theorized to impact male spatial cognition, but findings are inconsistent.
  • Testosterone's effects are often mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), which has a polymorphic CAG repeat sequence influencing receptor function and individual T sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between AR CAG repeat length, salivary T levels, and spatial cognition in healthy adult men.
  • To determine if AR CAG repeat length moderates the effects of T on spatial abilities.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of the AR CAG repeat length in 146 healthy adult men.
  • Assessment of spatial cognition using mental rotation and spatial visualization tests.
  • Measurement of salivary T concentrations.

Main Results:

  • AR CAG repeat length significantly predicted spatial visualization scores, with shorter repeats (indicating weaker AR) associated with lower scores.
  • Salivary T levels, but not AR CAG repeat length, predicted performance on mental rotation tests.
  • These findings suggest a partial role for the AR in mediating T's effects on spatial cognition.

Conclusions:

  • Testosterone action in the brain modestly influences spatial cognition in healthy men.
  • The androgen receptor (AR) appears to mediate T's effects on spatial visualization, but not necessarily mental rotation, indicating potential AR-independent mechanisms for T's influence on certain cognitive tasks.