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Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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Bodily Experience in Depression: Using Focusing as a New Interview Technique.

Naomi Lyons1, Maren M Michaelsen1, Johannes Graser1

  • 1Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.

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PubMed
Summary

Depression involves distinct pre-reflective bodily experiences, including feelings of passivity and active pressure. Focusing interviews revealed these sensations, supporting the link between bodily experience and depression psychopathology.

Keywords:
CorporealizationDepressionFocusingPassivityPre-reflective body experience

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Phenomenology

Background:

  • Depression research often overlooks subjective bodily experiences, focusing instead on somatic complaints.
  • Phenomenological approaches highlight the significance of pre-reflective bodily feelings in understanding depression's psychopathology.
  • Empirical study of the subjective body's role in depression remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore pre-reflective bodily experiences in individuals with depression.
  • To investigate the connection between bodily sensations and the psychopathology of depression.
  • To utilize the Focusing method to access and understand these subjective experiences.

Main Methods:

  • Interviews based on the Focusing psychotherapy method were conducted.
  • Participants with depression were guided to connect with pre-reflective bodily sensations.
  • Symbolization of bodily feelings was employed to articulate subjective experiences.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 501 interview codings revealed a continuum of passivity (inhibition to lack of drive).
  • Components of passivity included heaviness, emptiness, paralysis, blockage, and alienation, felt in the head or whole body.
  • Active, pressuring feelings in the chest and stomach were reported, linked to specific emotions in some participants.

Conclusions:

  • Focusing enabled participants to identify pre-reflective bodily feelings, including passivity and active pressure.
  • A noted ambivalence between passive and active bodily feelings was described by participants.
  • Findings support the association between depression and specific pre-reflective bodily experiences, paving the way for future research.