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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Auditory Pathway01:15

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
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Qualitative Analysis01:10

Qualitative Analysis

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Qualitative analysis is the process of identifying elements, ions, or compounds in an unknown sample. It is the first and most fundamental type of analysis based on the hierarchy of analytical goals. This hierarchy is significant as it provides a structured approach to scientific research, with qualitative analysis serving as the initial step, providing essential information before moving on to quantitative or other forms of analysis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

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The analyst's listening: for, to, with.

Bruce Reis1

  • 1Institute for Psychoanalytic Training and Research (IPTAR), New York, USA.

The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis
|May 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Psychoanalytic listening traditionally emphasizes visual "seeing" for meaning. A new aural approach, "listening-with," embraces not-knowing and unanalyzed experiences outside of symbolization.

Area of Science:

  • Psychoanalysis
  • Psychotherapy
  • Auditory Processing

Background:

  • Analytic listening often prioritizes visual metaphors, influencing psychoanalytic techniques and goals.
  • Aural aspects of listening are frequently overlooked, overshadowed by visual interpretations.
  • Existing models like "listening-for" and "listening-to" focus on uncovering or constructing meaning from unconscious content.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and explore a novel aural approach to analytic listening: "listening-with."
  • To differentiate "listening-with" from visually-based listening models.
  • To highlight the value of attending to experiences beyond symbolization and meaning-making in psychoanalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical discussion of visual vs. aural listening models.
Keywords:
Listeningnon-representationalunlanguaged

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  • Illustration of "listening-with" through three case vignettes from psychoanalytic literature.
  • Analysis of how "listening-with" engages with the unlanguaged and non-symbolized aspects of mental life.

    • Main Results:

    • "Listening-for" and "listening-to" prioritize "seeing" and constructing meaning.
    • "Listening-with" diverges by abiding in a space of not-knowing, without seeking hidden meanings or symbolization.
    • This approach accommodates aspects of mental life that resist or do not require symbolic transformation.

    Conclusions:

    • "Listening-with" offers a complementary aural perspective to traditional visual-based analytic listening.
    • It validates experiences that exist outside of symbolization and referentiality.
    • Psychoanalytic practice can benefit from integrating approaches that embrace ambiguity and the unrepresented.