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The Episodic Memory Profile in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis.

Jason W Griffin¹, Russell Bauer², Brandon E Gavett³

¹Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, 141 Moore Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. jxg569@psu.edu.

Neuropsychology Review

|May 6, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to mild to moderate episodic memory deficits, particularly in recall tasks. Memory impairments vary by testing method, with story recall showing larger effects than word lists.

Keywords:

ASD Neuropsychological tests Recall Recognition Systematic review

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychology
Developmental Disorders

Background:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often associated with episodic memory impairments, but existing research presents conflicting findings.
Understanding these memory differences is crucial for targeted interventions and support.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively synthesize episodic memory differences between individuals with ASD and typically developing (TD) controls.
To investigate how test modality, delay, retrieval demands, and sensory modality influence these memory differences.

Main Methods:

Multilevel Bayesian meta-analysis and meta-regression were employed.
Data from 113 empirical articles, comprising 338 effect sizes and 5,632 participants (2,777 ASD, 2,855 TD), were analyzed.

Main Results:

Individuals with ASD showed larger memory deficits in recall (g = -0.52) compared to recognition (g = -0.25).
Memory deficits varied by test modality, with smaller effects for words and pictures, and larger effects for sentences, stories, and staged events.
Effect sizes were largest for staged events (g = -0.75) and smallest for word lists (g = -0.28).

Conclusions:

ASD is associated with a small to medium reduction in episodic memory test performance compared to TD individuals.
The extent of memory impairment in ASD is influenced by specific testing parameters, highlighting the need for nuanced interpretation of memory assessments.