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Forensic soil provenancing in an urban/suburban setting: A sequential multivariate approach.

Patrice de Caritat1,2,3, Brenda Woods1,3, Timothy Simpson1

  • 1Australian Federal Police, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|May 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study developed an empirical soil provenancing method using compositional data from North Canberra. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and magnetic susceptibility (MS) proved most accurate for mineralogical and geochemical soil analysis.

Keywords:
compositional data analysisgeochemical mappinggeographic information systeminterpolationsoil forensicssoil propertiesuncertainty

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic geology
  • Environmental science
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Soil provenancing is crucial for forensic and intelligence applications.
  • Accurate soil analysis requires robust methodologies for identifying origins.
  • Previous methods often lack comprehensive uncertainty quantification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test an empirical soil provenancing method using diverse analytical techniques.
  • To assess the precision and accuracy of different analytical methods for soil provenancing.
  • To evaluate the role of principal components (PCs) in improving provenance predictions.

Main Methods:

  • Compositional data analysis of 268 topsoil samples from North Canberra.
  • Utilized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), magnetic susceptibility (MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
  • Employed sequential provenancing with interpolated raster grids, uncertainty propagation, and cumulative provenance maps.

Main Results:

  • Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and magnetic susceptibility (MS) provided the most precise and accurate mineralogical provenance predictions.
  • X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and total ICP-MS (geochemistry) also offered high precision and accuracy.
  • Including principal components (PCs) marginally improved provenancing performance.

Conclusions:

  • Empirical soil provenancing, particularly using FTIR, MS, XRF, and ICP-MS, is a valuable tool for forensic and intelligence applications.
  • Maximizing the number of analytes and analytical techniques enhances soil provenancing capabilities.
  • The developed method demonstrates potential despite acknowledged limitations, offering a robust approach to soil origin determination.