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Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

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What is your earliest memory? It depends.

Carole Peterson1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.

Memory (Hove, England)
|May 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Earliest memories are more fluid than previously thought. Methodological variations significantly influence when individuals recall their first memories, suggesting more preschool memories exist than documented.

Keywords:
Childhood amnesiaautobiographical memoryearly memoriesfirst memoriesinfantile amnesia

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Childhood amnesia is the inability to recall autobiographical memories from early childhood.
  • Existing research suggests a typical age of first memory recall around 3-4 years.
  • The reliability and age of earliest memories are debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on childhood amnesia.
  • To analyze new and existing data on the earliest memories.
  • To investigate factors influencing the reported age of earliest memories.

Main Methods:

  • Selective literature review on childhood amnesia.
  • Analysis of longitudinal data collected over two decades.
  • Examination of methodological variations in memory recall studies.

Main Results:

  • Earliest memories exhibit significant fluidity.
  • Methodological factors (e.g., interview type, number of memory requests) influence recall age.
  • Individuals may recall earlier memories than typically documented, with potential for misdating.

Conclusions:

  • The age of earliest memories is highly variable and influenced by research methods.
  • More preschool-age memories may be accessible than previously believed.
  • Current documentation of early memory recall may underestimate individuals' actual capacity.