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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

645
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
645
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

862
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
862
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

572
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
572
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

1.2K
Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
1.2K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

818
Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
818
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

645
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
645

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Seizures-Child.

, Anna Trofimova1, Sarah S Milla2

  • 1Research Author, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.

Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR
|May 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This guide details appropriate neuroimaging for pediatric seizures, considering age and clinical factors. It aids clinicians in selecting the best imaging tests for various seizure types in children.

Keywords:
AUCAppropriate Use CriteriaAppropriateness CriteriaCTChildEpilepsyMRINeuroimagingSeizure

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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuroradiology
  • Clinical Decision Support

Background:

  • Pediatric seizures are diverse, ranging from benign febrile seizures to life-threatening status epilepticus.
  • Causes vary widely, including genetic, idiopathic, and acquired intracranial or systemic abnormalities.
  • Appropriate neuroimaging is crucial for diagnosis and management in children with seizures.

Framework:

  • Evidence-based guidelines from the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria.
  • Utilizes RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and GRADE methodology for guideline development.
  • Annual review by a multidisciplinary expert panel ensures current medical literature integration.

Implementation:

  • Provides a practical approach to neuroimaging decision-making in pediatric seizure cases.
  • Considers patient age, precipitating events, and clinical/EEG findings.
  • Addresses specific scenarios: neonatal, febrile, post-traumatic, focal, and generalized seizures.

Implications:

  • Aims to optimize neuroimaging workup for efficiency and appropriateness in pediatric epilepsy.
  • Supports clinicians in identifying the most effective imaging strategies.
  • Enhances diagnostic accuracy and patient care for children experiencing seizures.