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Updated: Nov 6, 2025

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

Published on: December 1, 2013

Preclinical Models for Bladder Cancer Research.

Shaoming Zhu¹, Zheng Zhu², Ai-Hong Ma³

¹Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Hubei Province, 430060, China; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA.

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America

|May 7, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers bladder cancer (BC) research models, comparing in vitro and in vivo systems. Understanding these models is crucial for advancing treatments for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and advanced BC.

Keywords:

Bladder cancer Conditionally reprogrammed cell culture Genetically engineered mouse model Humanized mouse Organoid Patient-derived xenograft

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Area of Science:

Urology
Oncology
Preclinical Research

Background:

Over 70% of bladder cancers (BCs) are diagnosed at non-muscle-invasive stages (NMIBC).
Advanced bladder cancers typically require systemic therapy and potentially radical cystectomy.
Distinct therapeutic strategies necessitate tailored preclinical models for NMIBC and advanced BC.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of in vitro and in vivo bladder cancer models.
To compare the advantages and disadvantages of various preclinical systems used in BC research.

Main Methods:

Literature review of in vitro bladder cancer models.
Literature review of in vivo bladder cancer models.
Comparative analysis of preclinical system utility in bladder cancer research.

Main Results:

In vitro models offer controlled environments for studying specific cellular mechanisms.
In vivo models provide insights into tumor-host interactions and systemic effects.
Each model type presents unique advantages and limitations for different research questions in bladder cancer.

Conclusions:

Preclinical models are essential for advancing bladder cancer research and therapeutic development.
Selecting the appropriate in vitro or in vivo model is critical for successful BC research.
Further development and validation of BC models are needed to improve clinical outcomes.