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Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

Published on: December 28, 2021

Developing Precision Medicine for Bladder Cancer.

Brendan J Guercio¹, Gopa Iyer², Jonathan E Rosenberg³

¹Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box #8, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America

|May 7, 2021

Summary

Precision medicine in bladder cancer faces challenges due to biomarker limitations. This review explores key biomarkers and innovative trial designs to overcome these obstacles for tailored cancer treatments.

Keywords:

Biomarkers Bladder cancer Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Precision medicine Targeted therapy Urothelial carcinoma

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Published on: October 30, 2013

Area of Science:

Oncology
Genetics
Clinical Trials

Background:

Precision medicine aims to personalize treatment using patient and tumor biomarkers.
Bladder cancer has numerous candidate biomarkers, but few are clinically validated.
Obstacles include limited biomarker predictive value, assessment standardization issues, and heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review key biomarkers investigated in bladder cancer.
To outline innovative clinical trial designs addressing precision medicine challenges in bladder cancer.

Main Methods:

Literature review of bladder cancer biomarkers.
Analysis of challenges in biomarker validation and application.
Exploration of novel clinical trial strategies.

Main Results:

Identified numerous candidate biomarkers for bladder cancer.
Highlighted significant obstacles hindering clinical application.
Proposed innovative trial designs to overcome these hurdles.

Conclusions:

Overcoming biomarker limitations is crucial for advancing precision medicine in bladder cancer.
Innovative trial designs are essential to validate biomarkers and improve treatment strategies.
Further research is needed to understand factors influencing biomarker expression and predictive capacity.