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Updated: Nov 6, 2025
06:51
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Understanding and Treatment Strategies with the NEC-on-a-Chip Model
Published on: July 28, 2023
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Clinical Presentation and Multifactorial Pathogenesis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in the Preterm Infant
Rachael E Andrews1, Kristi L Coe
1Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina.
Summary
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants arises from a complex interplay of factors. Understanding these elements is crucial for early diagnosis and prevention of this serious bowel condition.
Area of Science:
- Neonatalogy
- Gastroenterology
- Pediatric Pathology
Background:
- Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe bowel infection in premature infants, linked to inflammation and bacterial invasion.
- NEC encompasses diverse disease processes, significantly impacting preterm morbidity and mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- This review synthesizes current knowledge on the clinical presentation and pathophysiology of NEC in preterm neonates.
- Focuses on understanding the multifactorial nature of NEC in vulnerable infant populations.
Main Methods:
- A narrative literature review was performed.
- Searches utilized PubMed and CINAHL databases, focusing on publications from 2015-2020.
Main Results:
- Premature intestinal mucosa characteristics, gut ischemia, microbiome dysregulation, enteral feeding, and genetics converge to create NEC susceptibility.
- These interrelated factors establish an environment conducive to NEC development.
Conclusions:
- Recognizing and diagnosing NEC in preterm infants requires understanding the contributing factors.
- Preventing NEC is paramount; further research into the interrelationships of these factors is essential for optimizing prevention strategies.
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