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Probing the Solar Meridional Circulation Using Fourier Legendre Decomposition.

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Helioseismic analysis of solar data reveals differing meridional flows between hemispheres. A surprising equatorward flow was detected in the northern hemisphere, possibly due to data artifacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Solar Physics
  • Helioseismology
  • Plasma Physics

Background:

  • Understanding the Sun's internal dynamics, particularly meridional flow, is crucial for solar dynamo models.
  • Previous helioseismic studies have provided insights into the Sun's internal structure and flows.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To infer the depth variation of the Sun's mean meridional flow using helioseismic techniques.
  • To investigate potential hemispheric differences in meridional circulation.
  • To assess the consistency of observed flows with theoretical models.

Main Methods:

  • Applied Fourier Legendre decomposition to 88 months of Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Dopplergrams.
  • Developed control procedures to remove center-to-limb artifacts.
  • Utilized forward modeling with sensitivity functions based on mode kinetic energy density.

Main Results:

  • Inferred significant differences in meridional circulation between the northern and southern hemispheres.
  • Detected a surprising equatorward propagating flow at ~40 Mm depth in the northern hemisphere.
  • Results suggest potential systematic errors in HMI data, consistent with other findings.

Conclusions:

  • The inferred northern hemisphere flow contradicts many existing helioseismic analyses.
  • Methodological limitations in artifact removal may explain discrepancies.
  • Further investigation is needed to reconcile HMI data with other solar observations.