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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: RNA FISH for Locating lncRNA-SNHG6 in Osteosarcoma Cells

Author Spotlight: RNA FISH for Locating lncRNA-SNHG6 in Osteosarcoma Cells

Published on: June 16, 2023

Gene Expression Classifier Reveals Prognostic Osteosarcoma Microenvironment Molecular Subtypes.

Yi-Jiang Song^1,2, Yanyang Xu^1,2, Chuangzhong Deng^1,2

¹Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Immunology

|May 7, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study identifies two molecular subtypes of osteosarcoma (OSA), infiltration (S1) and escape (S2), based on gene expression. This new classification aids in predicting prognosis and personalizing therapy for OSA patients.

Keywords:

gene expression classifier molecular subtyping osteosarcoma tumor immune microenvironment tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

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Last Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: RNA FISH for Locating lncRNA-SNHG6 in Osteosarcoma Cells

Author Spotlight: RNA FISH for Locating lncRNA-SNHG6 in Osteosarcoma Cells

Published on: June 16, 2023

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Published on: April 12, 2019

Author Spotlight: Exploring Advanced Therapeutic Targets in Osteosarcoma Through Spatial Transcriptomics

Author Spotlight: Exploring Advanced Therapeutic Targets in Osteosarcoma Through Spatial Transcriptomics

Published on: May 3, 2024

Area of Science:

Oncology
Genomics
Immunology

Background:

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a common bone cancer with diverse molecular characteristics.
Understanding OSA's molecular heterogeneity is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a gene expression-based classification system for osteosarcoma.
To identify molecular subtypes associated with prognosis and therapeutic response.

Main Methods:

Integrative analysis of OSA patient data from the TARGET program.
Application of matrix factorization to identify molecular subtypes.
Validation using the GSE21257 dataset and analysis of primary tumors.

Main Results:

Two prognostic molecular subtypes identified: S1 (infiltration) and S2 (escape).
Subtype S1 shows abundant immune/stromal infiltrates, higher PDCD1LG2/HAVCR2 expression, and better chemotherapy response.
Subtype S2 exhibits lack of cytotoxic response and reduced MHC class I expression.

Conclusions:

A novel gene classifier for osteosarcoma stratification has been developed.
This classification refines understanding of OSA's genetic diversity.
The findings support improved risk stratification and personalized therapeutic strategies for osteosarcoma.