The Etiology of Oppositional Defiant Disorder for Children with and without Intellectual Disabilities: A Preliminary

Lisa L Christensen1, Bruce L Baker2

  • 1USC University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities at Children's Hospital Los Angeles.

Abstract

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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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