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Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

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Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
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Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
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Photoluminescence is a process where a molecule absorbs light energy and re-emits it in the form of light. This phenomenon occurs when a substance absorbs photons, promoting its electrons to higher energy level excited states, followed by a relaxation process in which the electrons return to their original ground state energy levels and emit light. Photoluminescence is widely observed in various materials, including semiconductors, and organic and inorganic compounds.
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In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
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Emission Spectra02:39

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Polymorphous Light Eruption- An Indian Scenario.

Kaliaperumal Karthikeyan1, Manju Aishwarya2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri ManakulaVinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Madagadipet, Pondicherry, India.

Indian Dermatology Online Journal
|May 7, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) is a common skin reaction to sunlight, particularly affecting Indian skin with unique pigmentary changes. This review highlights its prevalence, presentation, and management strategies.

Keywords:
HydroxychloroquineIndianpigmentary changespolymorphous light eruption

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Photodermatology
  • Immunodermatology

Background:

  • Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) is the most frequent idiopathic photodermatosis, presenting as a delayed reaction to sunlight.
  • It affects 10-20% of the population, predominantly females aged 20-30, and is common in school children.
  • While prevalent globally, PMLE exhibits distinct morphology and pigmentary alterations in Indian skin (Fitzpatrick types IV-VI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the unique clinical presentation, histopathology, and management of Polymorphous light eruption in Indian skin.
  • To emphasize the significance of pigmentary changes in PMLE among individuals with darker skin tones.
  • To discuss current therapeutic approaches for managing PMLE.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Polymorphous light eruption, focusing on studies involving Indian populations.
  • Analysis of clinical characteristics, including morphology, distribution, and pigmentary variations.
  • Summary of histopathological findings and treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • PMLE in Indian skin frequently presents with pigmentary changes (hypopigmented to hyperpigmented lesions) in over 50% of cases, often alongside or independently of erythematous lesions.
  • Histopathology reveals epidermal changes like hyperkeratosis and spongiosis, and dermal inflammation with perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate.
  • Visible light sensitivity is a key feature, with lesions typically appearing on sun-exposed areas.

Conclusions:

  • Pigmentary alterations are a hallmark of Polymorphous light eruption in Indian skin, distinguishing it from presentations in lighter skin types.
  • Effective management involves preventive measures and medical treatments, including sunscreens, topical steroids, hydroxychloroquine, and antioxidants.
  • Further research into the specific mechanisms and tailored treatments for PMLE in diverse skin types is warranted.