Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.

Guidelines for Writing Outcome

Guidelines for Writing Outcome

When developing expected outcomes for a patient care plan, the nurse should adhere to the following recommendations:
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care...

Measures of Intelligence

Measures of Intelligence

Psychologists measure intelligence by using standardized tests that produce a score known as the intelligence quotient or IQ. To understand IQ tests, it's important to recognize the key principles behind their construction: validity, reliability, and standardization.
Validity refers to how well a test measures what it claims to measure. An intelligence test should accurately assess intelligence rather than another characteristic, like anxiety. Criterion validity is one way to evaluate this;...

Surveys

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

Cochran's Q Test

Cochran's Q Test

Cochran's Q Test is a nonparametric statistical test used to determine if there are potential differences in the outcomes of three or more related groups on a binary (yes/no) or dichotomous outcome. It is essentially an extension of the McNemar Test, which is limited to two related samples - Cochran's Q test can handle three or more related samples, making it more versatile in scenarios where subjects are measured under multiple conditions. The test statistic follows a Chi-Square...

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Correlation of Clinical and Histopathological Features With Anti-Desmoglein Antibody Profile in Pemphigus Patients.

International journal of dermatology·2026

Same author

Bullous pemphigoid in a person living with human immunodeficiency virus: An association or coincidence.

Indian journal of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS·2026

Same author

Primary Localized Cutaneous Amyloidosis: A Histological and Immunohistochemical Appraisal.

Indian dermatology online journal·2026

Same author

Emerging Perspectives in Vitiligo: Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Biomarker Development.

Indian dermatology online journal·2026

Same author

Exploring the knowledge, attitudes, and practices on organ pledging in blood donors and nonblood donors in Northern India.

Asian journal of transfusion science·2026

Same author

KRT10-nonsyndromic epidermal differentiation disorder-epidermolytic (formerly epidermolytic ichthyosis) in a newborn subsequent to gonosomal mosaicism: a rare entity.

Clinical and experimental dermatology·2026

Same journal

Paraquat Tongue: A Poor Prognostic Marker.

Indian dermatology online journal·2026

Same journal

Comment on the Previously Published Article "Rare Masqueraders of Pure Neuritic Leprosy: A Report of Four Cases".

Indian dermatology online journal·2026

Same journal

Clinical and Dermoscopic Correlation in Secondary Syphilis: A Report of Three Cases.

Indian dermatology online journal·2026

Same journal

Dermoscopic Markers of Activity in Subtypes of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in Skin of Color: An Observational Study.

Indian dermatology online journal·2026

Same journal

Evaluation of Melanocytes and T-cells in Vitiliginous Skin Pre- and Post-Narrow-Band UVB Phototherapy.

Indian dermatology online journal·2026

Same journal

Unusual Causes of Food-Induced Anaphylaxis - A Review.

Indian dermatology online journal·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

Practical Guidelines to Develop and Evaluate a Questionnaire.

Kamal Kishore¹, Vidushi Jaswal², Vinay Kulkarni³

¹Department of Biostatistics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.

Indian Dermatology Online Journal

|May 7, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

As people live longer, creating reliable questionnaires for health research is crucial. This guide simplifies the complex process of questionnaire development for better data collection and quality of life insights.

Keywords:

Instrument psychometrics questionnaire development reliability scale construction validity

More Related Videos

Online Explorative Study on the Learning Uses of Virtual Reality Among Early Adopters

Online Explorative Study on the Learning Uses of Virtual Reality Among Early Adopters

Published on: November 22, 2019

Iterative Development of an Innovative Smartphone-Based Dietary Assessment Tool: Traqq

Iterative Development of an Innovative Smartphone-Based Dietary Assessment Tool: Traqq

Published on: March 19, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

Online Explorative Study on the Learning Uses of Virtual Reality Among Early Adopters

Online Explorative Study on the Learning Uses of Virtual Reality Among Early Adopters

Published on: November 22, 2019

Iterative Development of an Innovative Smartphone-Based Dietary Assessment Tool: Traqq

Iterative Development of an Innovative Smartphone-Based Dietary Assessment Tool: Traqq

Published on: March 19, 2021

Area of Science:

Gerontology and Public Health
Health Services Research
Psychometrics

Background:

Increasing life expectancy presents challenges in maintaining quality of life, including cognitive and mental health.
Effective data collection is vital for addressing these challenges, making questionnaire development a key research area.
Existing literature often lacks user-friendly guidance on the technical aspects of questionnaire construction.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of questionnaire development fundamentals.
To elucidate the technical challenges and systematic steps involved in creating reliable and valid questionnaires.
To serve as a practical guide for researchers lacking formal training in psychometrics.

Main Methods:

Review of established principles in questionnaire design and psychometric validation.
Identification and explanation of common technical challenges in questionnaire development.
Outline of a sequential, step-by-step process for building a robust questionnaire.

Main Results:

Highlights the critical need for meticulous planning and documentation in questionnaire creation.
Details the essential components of questionnaire fundamentals and their application.
Offers a structured approach to overcome technical hurdles in developing research instruments.

Conclusions:

Reliable questionnaire development requires a systematic approach, detailed planning, and adherence to methodological rigor.
This article aims to demystify the technicalities, empowering researchers to build valid instruments.
Effective questionnaires are essential for accurately assessing health and well-being in an aging population.