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Choroid plexectomy for the treatment of chronic infected hydrocephalus

C Lapras1, P Mertens, J N Guilburd

  • 1Hôpital Neurologique et Neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France.

Insights

Choroid plexectomy effectively sterilized cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in most children with chronic infected hydrocephalus. This procedure arrested hydrocephalus in 37% of cases without requiring a shunt, offering a potential treatment option.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurosurgery
  • Infectious Diseases in Children
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Chronic infected hydrocephalus presents significant management challenges in pediatric patients.
  • Traditional treatments may involve shunt placement, which carries risks of infection and malfunction.
  • The role of the choroid plexus in cerebrospinal fluid production and infection propagation is a key consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of choroid plexectomy as a primary treatment for chronic infected hydrocephalus in children.
  • To assess the impact of choroid plexectomy on cerebrospinal fluid sterilization and hydrocephalus resolution.
  • To analyze the incidence of seizures and neuropsychological outcomes post-procedure.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 17 children with chronic infected hydrocephalus underwent choroid plexectomy via a direct open surgical approach.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sterilization was monitored post-operatively.
  • Hydrocephalus arrest, shunt requirement, seizure incidence, and neuropsychological outcomes were assessed.
  • Choroid plexus removal was confirmed using scintigraphy.

Main Results:

  • CSF sterilization was achieved in 16 out of 17 cases shortly after choroid plexectomy.
  • Hydrocephalus arrested spontaneously without the need for a shunt in 37% of the children.
  • The incidence of seizures did not increase following the procedure.
  • Neuropsychological outcomes were suboptimal, potentially linked to the duration of chronic ventricular infection.
  • The surgical mortality rate was 6%.

Conclusions:

  • Choroid plexectomy is a viable treatment option for chronic infected hydrocephalus in pediatric populations.
  • The procedure demonstrates high efficacy in sterilizing CSF and can lead to hydrocephalus arrest in a significant proportion of cases.
  • While effective for infection control, long-term neurological outcomes warrant further investigation, especially in cases with prolonged illness.

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