Differentiation among bio- and augmented- feedback in technologically assisted rehabilitation

Area of Science:

• Rehabilitation technology
• Human-machine interaction
• Clinical terminology

Background:

• The terms 'feedback', 'augmented feedback', and 'biofeedback' are often misused in rehabilitation.
• This confusion is particularly evident in technologically assisted training involving human-machine interaction.
• The rapid advancement of new technologies like virtual reality exacerbates this need for clarity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present scientific knowledge on feedback, biofeedback, augmented feedback, and neurofeedback.
• To clarify the differences between these feedback types within rehabilitation settings.
• To promote a more proper and standardized use of this terminology.

Main Methods:

• A scoping review of current literature up to May 2020.
• Searches conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases.
• Application of a classification system to distinguish between feedback, augmented feedback, and biofeedback.

Main Results:

• Few studies have clearly differentiated between feedback, biofeedback, and augmented feedback.
• A classification system was applied to categorize existing knowledge.
• The review highlights the lack of a shared terminology.

Conclusions:

• There is a critical need for clear definitions of feedback, biofeedback, augmented feedback, and neurofeedback in rehabilitation.
• Standardized terminology is essential for effective human-machine interaction in technologically assisted rehabilitation.
• Clinicians and bioengineers require a common language to advance the field.