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Updated: Nov 6, 2025

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Therapeutic strategies to fight COVID-19: Which is the status artis?

Cristina Scavone1, Annamaria Mascolo1, Concetta Rafaniello1

  • 1Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy.

British Journal of Pharmacology
|May 7, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Drug repurposing is key for COVID-19 treatment, with corticosteroids and heparins showing promise. More real-world data on drug and vaccine efficacy is crucial for effective COVID-19 pharmacotherapy.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • COVID-19 presents significant challenges in selecting appropriate pharmacological treatments.
  • Evidence for antiviral, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory drugs remains inconsistent.
  • Corticosteroids and heparins demonstrate robust evidence for specific patient groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current pharmacological treatments for COVID-19.
  • To highlight the role of drug repurposing in managing the pandemic.
  • To emphasize the need for real-world efficacy and safety data.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing evidence on COVID-19 treatments.
  • Analysis of data on antiviral agents, immunomodulators, corticosteroids, and anticoagulants.
  • Consideration of data from clinical trials and real-world studies.

Main Results:

  • Corticosteroids are well-supported for treatment.
  • Heparins are preferred for critically ill hospitalized patients.
  • Conflicting data exists for convalescent plasma and vitamin D; antivirals are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Drug repurposing has been a primary strategy for COVID-19 treatment.
  • Robust evidence supports corticosteroids and heparins in specific contexts.
  • Urgent need exists for real-world efficacy and safety data analysis of drugs and vaccines.
Keywords:
clinical researchcovid-19repurposing drugsreviewvaccines

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