Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Forgetting01:21

Forgetting

174
Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
Encoding...
174
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

271
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
271
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

265
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
265
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.1K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
4.1K
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

244
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
244
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

790
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
790

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Trainees' perspectives and recommendations for catalyzing the next generation of NeuroAI researchers.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Induced forgetting of pictures across shifts in context.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2021
Same author

Visual working memory items drift apart due to active, not passive, maintenance.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2021
Same author

Statistical learning as a reference point for memory distortions: Swap and shift errors.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2021
Same author

Unintentional forgetting is beyond cognitive control.

Cognitive research: principles and implications·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

9.9K

What do laboratory-forgetting paradigms tell us about use-inspired forgetting?

Paul S Scotti1, Ashleigh M Maxcey2

  • 1Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications
|May 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Intentional directed forgetting and unintentional recognition-induced forgetting were compared. Recognition-induced forgetting demonstrated a larger forgetting effect than directed forgetting, highlighting differences in memory control paradigms.

More Related Videos

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

38.9K
Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

9.9K
The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

38.9K
Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Memory

Background:

  • Directed forgetting involves intentional memory control, where participants actively suppress unwanted information.
  • Recognition-induced forgetting is an incidental memory process triggered by recalling related items.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the robustness of intentional directed forgetting versus unintentional recognition-induced forgetting.
  • To investigate the practical differences in forgetting outcomes between these two laboratory paradigms.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects participated in both directed forgetting and recognition-induced forgetting tasks.
  • Forgetting effects were measured and compared between the two tasks within the same participants.

Main Results:

  • A correlation was observed between forgetting effects across both tasks for the same subjects.
  • The magnitude of forgetting was significantly larger in the recognition-induced forgetting paradigm compared to directed forgetting.

Conclusions:

  • Unintentional recognition-induced forgetting is a more potent forgetting mechanism than intentional directed forgetting.
  • These findings underscore distinct memory control mechanisms and their differential impact on forgetting.