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Related Concept Videos

Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

5.6K
A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
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Complement System01:27

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

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In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells
06:29

Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells

Published on: January 29, 2014

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Complement testing in the clinical laboratory.

Maria Alice V Willrich1, Karin M P Braun1, Ann M Moyer1

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences
|May 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The complement system defends against pathogens via three pathways, converging at C3. Laboratory tests are crucial for diagnosing complement deficiencies and related diseases.

Keywords:
Complement systemcomplement deficiencycomplement dysregulationlaboratory testing

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • The complement system is a critical component of innate immunity, acting as the first line of defense against microbial pathogens.
  • It comprises soluble and cell-bound proteins that activate sequentially, similar to coagulation cascades, through classical, lectin, and alternative pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review laboratory testing for complement system disorders.
  • To discuss conditions involving complement dysregulation, including deficiencies and over-activation.

Main Methods:

  • The review covers common assays measuring complement lytic activity and component concentrations.
  • Specialized testing, including autoantibody evaluation, activation fragment analysis, and genetic studies, is also discussed.

Main Results:

  • The complement system's functions include microbial lysis, anaphylatoxin release, and opsonization.
  • Laboratory testing is essential for identifying complement deficiencies and diseases linked to complement over-activation.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive laboratory evaluation is vital for diagnosing and managing complement-related conditions.
  • Current challenges in complement testing and research are highlighted.