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Imported Hyalomma ticks in the Netherlands 2018-2020.

Mathilde Uiterwijk1, Adolfo Ibáñez-Justicia2, Bart van de Vossenberg3

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Adult Hyalomma ticks are introduced to the Netherlands by migratory birds and can mature. While Rickettsia aeschlimannii was detected, the risk of tick-borne diseases and permanent populations is low.

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Citizen scienceCluster analysisOne HealthSurveillanceVector-borne diseaseViral haemorrhagic fever

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Entomology
  • Medical Entomology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Ticks of the genus Hyalomma are disease vectors occasionally found outside endemic areas.
  • Northern Europe, including the Netherlands, has reported sporadic Hyalomma tick findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze adult Hyalomma ticks found in the Netherlands.
  • To assess the potential for tick establishment and pathogen transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Morphological and molecular identification (cox1 barcoding) of collected Hyalomma ticks.
  • Pathogen detection for tick-borne diseases.
  • Cross-sectional survey of horses for active tick surveillance.
  • Temperature analysis to evaluate nymphal development and population establishment.

Main Results:

  • Seventeen adult Hyalomma ticks (H. marginatum, H. rufipes, Hyalomma sp.) were reported between 2018-2020, primarily on horses.
  • Rickettsia aeschlimannii was detected in one tick; no Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus or Babesia/Theileria were found.
  • Engorged nymphs could molt to adults in the Netherlands in 2019 and 2020, but Dutch temperatures are lower than in established H. marginatum areas.

Conclusions:

  • Hyalomma ticks are regularly introduced as nymphs and can develop into adults in the Netherlands.
  • The risk of introducing tick-borne diseases via these ticks on migratory birds is low.
  • Permanent Hyalomma populations are unlikely under current Dutch climatic conditions.