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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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MAP, Johne's disease and the microbiome; current knowledge and future considerations.

Chloe Matthews1,2, Paul D Cotter3,4, Jim O' Mahony1

  • 1Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, Ireland.

Animal Microbiome
|May 8, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Johne's disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), impacts ruminant health and industry. Genomics and advanced detection methods offer new strategies for controlling this costly infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Animal Genomics
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease in ruminants, leading to significant economic losses.
  • Current diagnostic methods for MAP infection face challenges in early detection, specificity, and sensitivity.
  • Effective control strategies are crucial for animal health, welfare, and industry productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the genomics of MAP.
  • To explore advancements in the detection of MAP relevant to Johne's disease.
  • To highlight the potential of novel biomarkers for disease prediction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on MAP genomics and diagnostics.
  • Analysis of next-generation sequencing (NGS) applications in MAP research.
  • Synthesis of information on diagnostic challenges and emerging technologies.

Main Results:

  • NGS technologies provide new opportunities for identifying biomarkers within MAP genomes and ruminant microbiomes.
  • Genomic insights can improve early disease prediction and diagnostic accuracy.
  • Understanding MAP genomics is key to developing effective control measures.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic and microbiome analysis holds promise for improved diagnostics and control of Johne's disease.
  • Advanced detection methods are essential for sustainable livestock production and animal welfare.
  • Further research into MAP genomics and host-pathogen interactions is warranted.