[Impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19: review of recent progress]

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• High comorbidity between cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (CVMD) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents significant clinical challenges.
• Advanced age, immune dysfunction, inflammatory storms, and oxidative stress contribute to CVMD-COVID-19 comorbidity.
• COVID-19 poses a substantial risk for cardiovascular damage, increasing mortality rates.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent research on the comorbidity of COVID-19 and CVMD.
• To explore the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced cardiovascular injury.
• To provide a theoretical basis for clinical management of COVID-19 patients with CVMD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on COVID-19 and CVMD.
• Analysis of proposed mechanisms for cardiovascular damage in COVID-19.
• Examination of the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 pathogenesis and cardiovascular effects.

Main Results:

• COVID-19 exacerbates CVMD, increasing mortality risk.
• Mechanisms of cardiovascular injury include direct viral invasion, myocardial oxygen imbalance, and endothelial/coagulation dysfunction.
• ACE2 expression influences organ damage, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, impacting patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the interplay between COVID-19 and CVMD is crucial for effective clinical strategies.
• Targeting mechanisms like ACE2 interactions and inflammatory pathways may mitigate cardiovascular damage.
• Further research is needed to refine diagnosis and treatment for this complex patient population.