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Physical Activity, Diet, and Incident Urinary Incontinence in Postmenopausal Women: Women's Health Initiative
Scott R Bauer1,2,3, Stacey A Kenfield3,4, Mathew Sorensen5
1Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Summary
Higher physical activity may reduce the risk of urgency and mixed urinary incontinence (UI) in postmenopausal women. However, increased protein intake was linked to a higher risk of urgency UI.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Health
- Gerontology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common condition affecting postmenopausal women.
- Energy balance, influenced by physical activity and diet, plays a role in UI development.
- Previous research suggests potential independent links between physical activity, macronutrient intake, and UI.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between physical activity and macronutrient intake with incident UI subtypes in postmenopausal women.
- To determine if these lifestyle factors are independently associated with urgency, stress, or mixed UI.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from 19,741 postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.
- Assessed baseline physical activity (MET-hours/week) and macronutrient intake via food frequency questionnaire.
- Calculated odds ratios for incident UI subtypes using multivariable logistic regression after 3 years.
Main Results:
- Higher physical activity (≥30 MET-hours/week) was associated with a reduced risk of urgency UI (OR=0.84) and mixed UI (OR=0.66).
- Increased protein intake (≥19.4% energy) was linked to higher odds of urgency UI (OR=1.14).
- Associations between physical activity and stress UI, and other macronutrients with UI subtypes, were not statistically significant.
Conclusions:
- Elevated physical activity correlates with a decreased risk of urgency and mixed UI in postmenopausal women, independent of weight factors.
- Higher protein consumption is associated with an increased risk of urgency UI.
- No significant associations were found for other macronutrients or for stress UI.
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