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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

815
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
815
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

54.1K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
18.0K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
09:51

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

Published on: May 25, 2018

34.8K

Engineering Cas9 for human genome editing.

Ian M Slaymaker1, Nicole M Gaudelli1

  • 1Beam Therapeutics, 26 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Current Opinion in Structural Biology
|May 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists are engineering the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing tool for greater precision and efficiency. Recent advancements focus on modifying Cas9 through sgRNA manipulation, PAM recognition, and fusions for predictable genetic code editing.

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Genome Editing in Mammalian Cell Lines using CRISPR-Cas
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Published on: May 25, 2018

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Genome Editing in Mammalian Cell Lines using CRISPR-Cas
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Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary gene editing technology widely adopted globally.
  • Continuous efforts are underway to enhance its precision and efficiency for genome modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in Cas9 engineering.
  • To highlight key modifications aimed at improving CRISPR-Cas9 functionality.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering of Cas9 through mutation and evolution.
  • Covalent alterations of Cas9 for predictable editing.
  • Focus on specific engineering strategies including sgRNA manipulation and PAM recognition.

Main Results:

  • Cas9 engineering has led to improved specificity and efficiency.
  • Novel Cas9 variants with deaminase and reverse-transcriptase fusions have been developed.
  • Structural rearrangements of Cas9 are being explored for enhanced gene modification.

Conclusions:

  • Cas9 engineering is a rapidly advancing field crucial for precise genome editing.
  • Ongoing research promises more sophisticated and predictable gene editing tools.