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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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COMORBIDITY OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH OTHER CHRONIC PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN.

N Shevchenko1, O Tsiura2, H Shlieienkova2

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|May 8, 2021
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Summary

Children with type 1 diabetes (DM1) frequently have other chronic conditions, particularly thyroid issues. These comorbidities worsen glycemic control and complicate treatment, highlighting the need for comprehensive monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (DM1) in children and adolescents often coexists with other chronic conditions.
  • These comorbidities can significantly impact the management and progression of DM1.
  • Identifying and managing these coexisting pathologies is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of chronic comorbidities in children and adolescents with DM1.
  • To assess the impact of these comorbidities on the course and control of DM1.
  • To identify risk factors and associated conditions in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study involving 88 children and adolescents (3-17 years) diagnosed with DM1.
  • Utilized a questionnaire-based, objective-subjective survey to identify risk factors and comorbidities.
  • All patients presented with severe T1DM, characterized by suboptimal or poor glycemic control.

Main Results:

  • A high prevalence of comorbidities was observed in 71.6% of patients.
  • The most frequent comorbidities included thyroid pathology (62.5%), autonomic nervous system disorders (20.5%), and gastrointestinal issues (7.9%).
  • Patients with DM1 showed a 7.5-fold increased risk for thyroid pathology and a 6.9-fold increased risk for allergic pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of comorbid conditions through thorough anamnesis and examination is essential in children with DM1.
  • The presence of comorbidities significantly impairs glucose metabolism, hinders effective insulin therapy, and worsens overall diabetes control.
  • Improved monitoring strategies for patients with DM1 and comorbid conditions are necessary for better prognosis and optimized treatment and rehabilitation.