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Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea
Published on: November 9, 2016
Botulinum toxin in the management of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon
Daniel Ennis1, Zareen Ahmad2, Melanie A Anderson3
1Mary Pack Vasculitis Clinic, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Abstract:
Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is common in rheumatic diseases. In the setting of systemic sclerosis (SSc), it can be complicated by digital ischemia that includes ulceration and gangrene. Systemic adverse effects may preclude the use of oral or topical vasodilators for the treatment of RP and its complications. In this article, we review effectiveness/efficacy of botulinum toxin injection in primary and secondary RP. We discuss botulinum toxin formulations, dosage, sites of administration, and adverse effects. The evidence for botulinum toxin in the treatment of primary and SSc-associated RP is promising. Consistency across patient populations, treatment options (botulinum serotype, dose, and injection site), and outcome measures will be essential for further research.
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