Staphylococcus aureus clones causing osteomyelitis: a literature review (2000-2020)

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Epidemiology
• Genetics

Background:

• Staphylococcus aureus is a primary cause of osteomyelitis (OM).
• The molecular epidemiology of S. aureus in OM requires further elucidation.
• Understanding S. aureus clonal diversity is crucial for effective OM management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the global epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus clones responsible for osteomyelitis.
• To identify prevalent S. aureus genotypes associated with OM across different populations and regions.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature review was conducted on studies published between 2000 and 2020.
• Data from 32 articles on S. aureus molecular typing in OM were analyzed.
• Analysis included publication year, patient country, methicillin susceptibility, and genotypic characteristics.

Main Results:

• Pandemic clones (CC5, CC8, CC22, CC30, CC45) were most common in OM.
• Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clone distribution varied geographically (e.g., ST80/CC80 in Europe, ST59/CC59 in Asia).
• Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) clone ST398/CC398 was prevalent in diabetic foot OM.

Conclusions:

• Major S. aureus clones from both hospital and community settings cause OM.
• Further molecular typing and genomic studies are needed to understand S. aureus OM epidemiology and pathobiology.