Methionine enkephalin activates autophagy and stimulates tumour cell immunogenicity in human cutaneous squamous cell
1Department of Gynecology, The fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 4 Chongshandong road, Huanggu district, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China; Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
Abstract:
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is a common skin tumour. Due to weak immunogenicity, recurrence is frequent after treatment. In this study, we explored the effects and mechanisms of methionine enkephalin (MENK), an endogenous opioid peptide and negative growth regulator, in CSCC. MENK inhibited A431 cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis through the opioid growth factor receptor (OGFr). Importantly, MENK also induced autophagy in CSCC and stimulated the emission of DAMPs in A431 cells, which resulted in enhanced activation of dendritic cells (DC).In conclusion, MENK provides an effective method with therapeutic potential to modulate the CSCC microenvironment by utilizing autophagy in the cancer cells.
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