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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Through-the-Wall Blood Sampling Method to Minimize Sleep Disruption in Clinical Settings
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Diurnal rhythms and obesity.

Georgios K Paschos1

  • 1Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
|May 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Disturbed diurnal rhythms are linked to obesity. Restoring these rhythms through timed eating shows promise in reversing obesity and improving metabolic health.

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Obesity and diabetes are associated with disrupted circadian and metabolic rhythms in adipose tissue.
  • Environmental factors like high-fat diets and shift work exacerbate these rhythm disturbances.
  • Research highlights the link between disturbed diurnal rhythms and increased adiposity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on the role of disturbed diurnal rhythms in obesity development.
  • To examine the efficacy of timed feeding strategies in restoring diurnal rhythms and combating obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of studies in human patients with obesity and diabetes.
  • Inclusion of findings from animal models investigating environmental disturbances.

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  • Review of human studies on the impact of feeding timing on metabolic health.
  • Main Results:

    • Evidence shows that disturbed diurnal rhythms contribute to obesity.
    • Time-restricted feeding in animal models demonstrates rhythm restoration and obesity reversal.
    • Human studies confirm the importance of feeding time for metabolic health.

    Conclusions:

    • Disturbed diurnal rhythms are implicated in obesity development.
    • Restoring diurnal rhythms through strategic feeding times can reverse obesity.
    • Further research may refine dietary guidelines based on circadian biology.