A trauma-informed approach in Canadian mental health policies: A systematic mapping review

Trauma is a hidden epidemic and a public health concern in Canada and globally. To address the pervasiveness of trauma in general and clinical populations, a trauma-informed approach (TIA) has been widely promoted in the field of mental health (MH). This study explores how a TIA has been incorporated in Canadian MH policies across all provinces and territories, and in both government and non-government organizations. A systematic mapping review in multiple search sites resulted in a total of 60 TIA policy documents in MH policies. The findings indicated that despite the broad range of the search period which went back as far as the 1980s, TIA policies started emerging in 2010 in the field of Canadian MH. Our research findings also showed an increased understanding of a broad definition and various types of trauma and an acknowledgement of its causes and impacts on multiple levels. This highlighted the importance of all levels of services in TIA. Through this search, we identified the widespread use of different terminologies to refer to TIA. This may create confusion about what TIA means in policy, research, and practice. We propose areas for improvement such as including experiences of marginalized populations, explicitly centering cultural and gender sensitive approaches in TIA policy initiatives, clarifying the standard definition of TIA and its implementation services, and establishing indicators and evaluation methods for future research and policy directions.