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Related Concept Videos

Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

3.8K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
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Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

12.1K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses
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Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

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Detecting and Rescuing Stalled Ribosomes.

Matthew C J Yip1, Sichen Shao1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|May 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stalled protein synthesis triggers cellular stress and disease. New research reveals how cells detect and fix these faulty ribosome complexes, protecting the proteome.

Keywords:
ribosome collisionsribosome stallingribosome-associated quality control (RQC)

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Using SecM Arrest Sequence as a Tool to Isolate Ribosome Bound Polypeptides
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses
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Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

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Using SecM Arrest Sequence as a Tool to Isolate Ribosome Bound Polypeptides
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Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Cellular biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Inappropriately stalled ribosomes accumulate toxic proteins, contributing to cellular stress and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Efficient cellular mechanisms are crucial for detecting and resolving aberrant translational complexes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of stalled ribosomal complex detection and rescue in eukaryotes.
  • To highlight general principles of stall recognition and fail-safe systems for maintaining proteome integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on ribosome-associated quality control.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms for detecting stalled translational complexes.
  • Discussion of fail-safe mechanisms ensuring nascent proteome integrity.

Main Results:

  • Ribosome-associated quality control pathways eliminate problematic mRNAs and nascent proteins.
  • General principles for recognizing stalled ribosomes upstream of quality control have been identified.
  • Fail-safe mechanisms are essential for maintaining nascent proteome integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the detection and rescue of stalled ribosomes is critical for cellular health.
  • These mechanisms are vital for preventing proteotoxicity linked to cellular stress and neurodegenerative conditions.
  • Further research into these pathways can offer insights into disease pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.