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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
04:05

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Subtle Thyroid Dysfunction Is Not Associated with Cognitive Decline: Results from the ELSA-Brasil.

Claudia Szlejf1, Claudia Kimie Suemoto1,2, Carolina Castro Porto Silva Janovsky1

  • 1Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Hospital Universitario, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|May 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid function and hormone levels did not impact cognitive decline over four years in older adults. Subtle thyroid changes showed no longitudinal link to cognition, suggesting further research is needed.

Keywords:
Cognitionfree thyroxineolder adultsthyroid functionthyrotropin

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Thyroid function's role in cognition is debated, particularly subtle alterations.
  • Overt thyroid dysfunction is known to affect cognitive abilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the longitudinal association between baseline thyroid function, thyrotropin (TSH), and free thyroxine (FT4) levels and cognitive performance.
  • To investigate these associations over a 4-year follow-up period in middle-aged and older adults without overt thyroid dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 4,473 individuals aged 55 years and older without overt thyroid dysfunction at baseline.
  • Cognitive function assessed using word recall (DWR), semantic verbal fluency (SVF), and Trail Making Test (TMT) at baseline and after 4 years.
  • Generalized estimating equations used to analyze longitudinal associations, adjusting for various confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • No significant longitudinal association was found between baseline thyroid function, TSH, or FT4 levels and cognitive performance over 4 years.
  • A baseline cross-sectional U-shaped association was observed between FT4 tertiles and poorer performance in semantic verbal fluency (SVF).
  • The highest FT4 tertile showed a cross-sectional association with poorer performance in delayed word recall (DWR).

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid function and hormone levels, within the euthyroid range, were not associated with cognitive decline over a 4-year period in this cohort.
  • The observed cross-sectional associations at baseline suggest potential, but not longitudinally predictive, relationships between FT4 levels and specific cognitive domains.
  • Further research with extended follow-up periods is warranted to fully elucidate the impact of subtle thyroid alterations on cognitive function.