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Paediatric gastrointestinal disorders in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Epidemiological and clinical implications

Mohammed Al-Beltagi1, Nermin Kamal Saeed2, Adel Salah Bediwy3

  • 1Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Algharbia, Egypt.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|May 10, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in children with COVID-19, sometimes appearing before respiratory issues. This review covers COVID-19

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic affects all age groups, including children.
  • Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are frequent initial presentations in pediatric COVID-19 cases.
  • GI symptoms are more prevalent in severe COVID-19 cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of COVID-19 gastrointestinal diseases in children.
  • To discuss the implications of GI symptoms on diagnosis, prognosis, and transmission.
  • To explore the impact of GI disease on the gut microbiome, nutrition, and management in children.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of COVID-19 gastrointestinal manifestations in children.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and clinical presentations.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Gastrointestinal manifestations in children range from 0-88% prevalence, including diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
  • Atypical presentations like appendicitis and liver injury can occur, particularly with multisystem inflammatory disease.
  • SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in 48.1% of stool samples; children represent 1-8% of confirmed cases.

Conclusions:

  • Gastrointestinal symptoms are a significant, often early, feature of COVID-19 in children.
  • Understanding GI manifestations is crucial for accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and preventing fecal-oral transmission.
  • Further research is needed on the impact of COVID-19 on the pediatric gut microbiome and nutrition.

Keywords:
COVID-19ChildrenDysbiosisFaecal-oral transmissionGastrointestinal diseasesSARS-CoV-2

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