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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
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Conjugated Proteins02:50

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Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, Molecular Targets and Experimental Models.

G Kanimozhi1, B Pradhapsingh2, Charan Singh Pawar2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Dharmapuram Gnanambigai Government Arts College for Women, Mayiladuthurai, India.

Frontiers in Pharmacology
|May 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Understanding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis and identifying druggable targets requires effective experimental models. This review highlights key research models and therapeutic targets for COVID-19 drug development.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2drug discoverymolecular targetspathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a global health crisis with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and identifying effective therapeutic targets is crucial for pandemic control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
  • To identify potential druggable molecular targets for antiviral therapies.
  • To evaluate suitable laboratory experimental models for SARS-CoV-2 research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on SARS-CoV-2.
  • Analysis of viral genome sequencing and protein crystallography data.
  • Evaluation of various cell culture and organoid models for SARS-CoV-2 infection studies.
  • Assessment of animal models, including transgenic hACE-2 mice.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the Spike (S1) protein to bind the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor for cell entry.
  • Various experimental models, including primary cells, cell lines, organoids, and transgenic mice, are employed to study SARS-CoV-2.
  • Transgenic hACE-2 mouse models are essential due to poor ACE-2 expression in wild-type mice, limiting infection.

Conclusions:

  • Effective experimental models are vital for fundamental research into SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and drug development.
  • Identifying and validating druggable molecular targets is key to designing effective antiviral agents.
  • Continued research into SARS-CoV-2 biology and host-pathogen interactions is necessary to combat the pandemic.