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Local Processing Bias Impacts Implicit and Explicit Memory in Autism.

Karine Lebreton1, Joëlle Malvy2, Laetitia Bon1,3

  • 1Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France.

Frontiers in Psychology
|May 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show impaired global processing in implicit memory tasks and difficulties with explicit memory when local details are prominent. These perceptual biases affect memory performance in ASD.

Keywords:
attentionautismepisodic memoryperceptionpriming

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with atypical perceptual processing, often biased towards local details over global configurations.
  • This local processing bias may influence memory functions in individuals with ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of local versus global processing on implicit and explicit memory in ASD.
  • To examine how perceptual biases in ASD affect object identification priming and episodic memory recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Object identification priming task with local and global encoding conditions in 17 ASD and 17 typically developing (TD) participants (ages 10-16).
  • Experiment 2: Cartoon recognition tasks (local vs. global processing) in 13 ASD and 13 TD participants.
  • Cognitive assessments and correlational analyses were performed.

Main Results:

  • Implicit memory (Experiment 1): Priming effects were preserved in ASD, but participants did not show improved performance with global processing as TD controls did.
  • Explicit memory (Experiment 2): ASD participants struggled to discriminate targets from lures sharing details under local processing conditions.
  • Correlations indicated difficulties were linked to processing speed and inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Local perceptual biases in ASD may hinder globally oriented implicit memory processing, especially under time constraints.
  • These biases can lead to confusion in explicit memory when stimuli share specific details.
  • Findings suggest perceptual processing differences in ASD significantly impact both implicit and explicit memory mechanisms.