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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Microplot Design and Plant and Soil Sample Preparation for 15Nitrogen Analysis
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Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Sorghum: Exploring Native Variability for Traits Under Variable N-Regimes.

Srikanth Bollam1, Kirandeep Kaur Romana1, Laavanya Rayaprolu1

  • 1International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid and Tropics, Patancheru, India.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|May 10, 2021
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Summary

This study explored sorghum

Keywords:
N contentNUEexpression analysisgenetic variabilitysorghum

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Genetics
  • Plant Physiology

Background:

  • Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in sorghum is crucial for modern agriculture.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of NUE is key to developing more efficient crop varieties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate natural genetic variability for NUE in sorghum.
  • To identify sorghum genotypes with enhanced NUE traits under varying nitrogen conditions.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying NUE in sorghum.

Main Methods:

  • Field evaluation of 60 diverse sorghum genotypes across three nitrogen regimes over two seasons.
  • Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) to analyze population structure using >89K SNPs.
  • Expression profiling of candidate NUE genes in contrasting sorghum lines under different nitrogen levels.

Main Results:

  • Significant genetic variation for NUE traits was observed, particularly under low nitrogen conditions.
  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct sorghum groups, with adaptation to nitrogen regimes showing random distribution.
  • Promising sorghum genotypes with consistent yield performance and buffer capacity under varying nitrogen were identified.
  • Differential gene expression in root tissues of contrasting lines highlighted key transporter and assimilatory genes involved in nitrogen metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • Natural genetic variability in sorghum can be exploited to enhance Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE).
  • Specific sorghum genotypes demonstrate superior NUE traits and adaptive potential under diverse nitrogen environments.
  • Candidate genes involved in nitrogen transport and assimilation are critical for sorghum's response to varying nitrogen availability.